11th Pennsylvania Cavalry
Company F
Name |
Rank |
Date of Muster |
Term/ |
Remarks |
Newberry E. Calkins | Captain | September 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, March 4, 1862 |
Benjamin B. Mitchell | Captain | September 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted from 1st Lieut.; discharged August 24, 1864, expiration of term |
Thornton J. Elliot | Captain | August 26, 1861 |
|
Promoted from 1st Lt., November 6, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
David O. Tears | 1st Lt. | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted from 2d Lt., March 13, 1862; killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864 |
William S. Spalding | 1st Lt. | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, July 1, 1864 to Sergeant, July 22, 1864 to 1st Sergeant July 24, 1864 to 1st Lt. November 6, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet?? |
Philip A. Palmer | 2d Lt. | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted from 1st Sergeant, March 13, 1865; commissioned 1st Lt., June 30. 1864, not mustered; discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, July 24, 1864 |
John V. Pickering | 2d Lt. | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, June 11, 1862; promoted to Sergeant, December 22, 1863 to 1st Sergeant, November 1, 1864; to 2d Lt., November 6, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Charles G. Sayles | 1st Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to 1st Sergeant, August 24, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Victor A. Elliot | 1st Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Captain, Company B, 101st Regiment, P. V., March 1, 1862 |
N. M. Davenport | 1st Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to 2d Lt., 2d Regiment U.S. Colored Cavalry June 28, 1865; Vet |
Dewitt C. Crandell | 1st Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Quarter Master Sergeant, March 1, 1862; to 1st Sergeant, June 10, 1864; discharged August 25, 1864, expiration of term |
William C. Lamb | 1st Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Killed at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; buried in City Point National Cemetery, Va., section A, division A, grave 109; Vet |
Andrew Klock | Quarter Master Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, September 1, 1862; to Quarter Master Sergeant, November 1, 1864; prisoner from June 29, 1864 to March 6, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Morris Cummings | Quarter Master Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Quarter Master Sergeant, July 1, 1862; discharged August 25, 1864, expiration of term |
William A. Hancock | Commissary Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, January 1, 1864; to Commissary Sergeant, August 27, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Orin P. Wood | Commissary Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted from Corporal to Sergeant, June 11, 1862; to Commissary Sergeant, December 22, 1863; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Chauncey Ackley | Commissary Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, December 13, 1862 |
Richard M. Ross | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 1, 1864; to Sergeant, August 27, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Maurice D. Bailey | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; to Sergeant, October 1, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
James H. Vanbuskirk | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; to Sergeant, October 1, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Jacob Vannoy | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Wounded at Petersburg, Va. June 9, 1864; promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; to Sergeant, August 3, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Willard Ackley | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; to Sergeant, August 3, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Hiram H. Foster | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Prisoner from June 29, 1864 to April 29, 1865; discharged by General Order, June 5, 1865; Vet |
Oliver P. Barden | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, March 1, 1862; to Sergeant, October 23, 1862; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
James M. Mitchell | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, October 23, 1862; to Sergeant, July 1, 1864; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
George Porter | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, October 23, 1862; to Sergeant, July 1, 1864; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Russell J. Ross | Sergeant | February 26, 1864 |
|
Promoted from private, August 27, 1864; to Regimental Quarter Master Sergeant, October 15, 1864 |
Henry E. Wheeler | Sergeant | August 26, 1861 |
|
Died at Alba, Pa., January 11, 1862?? |
Solomon Saxton | Sergeant | August 27, 1861 |
|
Captured at Petersburg, Va., June 4, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., December 1864; Vet |
Charles T. Austin | Corporal | January 14, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
John Grattan | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, October 1, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Lewis Canada | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, November 2, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Roland Sanders | Corporal | February 29, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, June 1, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Martin Gleason | Corporal | February 15, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, June 1, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Ira V. Williams | Corporal | February 9, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 3, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Ira B. Clark | Corporal | February 29, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 3, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
James H. Lument | Corporal | February 2, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 3, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Henry C. Palmer | Corporal | October 26, 1862 |
|
Promoted to 2d Lt., Regiment U.S. Colored Cavalry, November 2, 1864 |
Jacob C. Impson | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, July 1, 1863; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Burton Saxton | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, July 16, 1863; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Eben W. Lilley | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, September 1, 1862; discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, April 18, 1863 |
Chester W. Fenton | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Corporal, August 27, 1864; wounded at Darbytown Road, Va., October 7, 1864; discharged, date unknown; Vet |
Nathaniel P. Aspinwall | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Regimental Quarter Master Sergeant, July 10, 1862 |
Herman Inscho | Corporal | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Williamsburg, Va., August, 12, 1862 |
George A. Roberts | Blacksmith | August 27, 1861 |
|
Promoted to Blacksmith, December 1, 1862; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Ephraim C. Westbrook | Farrier | Febraury 18, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Farrier, May 1, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Hiram W. Carpenter | Saddler | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
James E. Young | Bugler | May 13, 1863 |
|
Promoted to Bugler, August 26, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
George H. Murray | Bugler | January 11, 1864 |
|
Promoted to Bugler, November 26, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Allen, Milton A. | Private | March 1, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Allen, Joel | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Arnet, Irwin | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Annabel, Myron H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Andrews, Philip | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Armstrong, H W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., December 3, 1861 |
Butler, Lorin W. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Bellinger, Hiram | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted Febraury 20, 1864; returned; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Bartels, William | Private | April 13, 1865 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Burgess, James | Private | February 13, 1865 |
|
Absent, sick at muster out |
Borden, Bishop B. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Prisoner from June 30, 1864 to April 1, 1865; discharged by General Order, June 27, 1865; Vet |
Barber, Charles | Private | September 24, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 27, 1865 |
Benson, James G. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged by General Order, July 13, 1865; Vet |
Brown, Andrew J. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Boyce, Eliphalet | Private | January 25, 1864 |
|
Captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., October 16, 1864 |
Clark, Charles | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Cole, Wilson | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Prisoner from June 29, 1864 to May 17, 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Churchill, Wilbur | Private | February 27, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Case, Samuel | Private | May 30, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Conahan, Mannis | Private | April 13, 1865 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Chalfant, Wm. S. | Private | April 13, 1865 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Chatman, Jerome B. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Cady, James J. | Private | August 24, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Carr, Albert C. | Private | September 14, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Cole, Lyman D. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Cole, Walter W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Colestock, Jacob H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps September 1, 1863 |
DePue, Thomas E. | Private | March 11, 1863 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Dunbar, Oliver | Private | February 2, 1864 |
|
Died at Jones' Neck, Va., August 8, 1864 |
DeWitt, Lyman B. | Private | February 29, 1864 |
|
Died at City Point, Va., January 9, 1865, burial record: December 31, 1864; National Cemetery, Hampton, Va. |
Decker, Andrew | Private | February 23, 1864 |
|
Died at Jones' Neck, Va., September 3, 1864 |
Driscal, John | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted July 8, 1863 |
Fletcher, Orin M. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Prisoner from June 29, 1864 to April 29, 1865; discharged by General Order, June 5, 1865; Vet |
Fury, Charles | Private | September 23, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Frederick, John H. | Private | Sept. 11, 1861 |
|
Discharged by General Order, date unknown; Vet |
Fleck, Alexander | Private | February 25, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 23, 1865 |
Fuller, John W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Fellows, Charles W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Camp Hamilton, Va., January 2, 1862 |
Fuller, Peter | Private | August 30, 1864 |
|
Missing in action at Johnson's Farm, Va., October 7, 1864 |
Goodrich, John M. | Private | February 15, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Garrabrant, C. C. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Gatons, William | Private | September 23, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Gratton, James C. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted August 7, 1863, returned October 30, 1863; wounded May 14, 1864; discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Giddings, William | Private | September 23, 1864 |
|
Not on muster-out roll |
Hampton, Wm. M. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Hawthorn, James A. | Private | February 16, 1864 |
|
Wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Hawthorn, John | Private | September 26, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Holliday, Thomas | Private | August 28, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Hill, Franklin A. | Private | September 7, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, May 7, 1865 |
Hill, Jabez R. | Private | September 7, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, May 7, 1865 |
Howe, John B. | Private | February 13, 1864 |
|
Died at Richmond, Va., January 1, 1865; buried in National Cemetery, section c, division 2, grave 63 |
Ives, Valorus E. | Private | February 17, /1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Inscho, Darius | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Ingalls, Alvin H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Wounded and captured at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; discharged October 8, 1864, expiration of term |
Jones, John D. | Private | November 21, 1862 |
|
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, September 26, 1863; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Jewell, Calvin P. | Private | February 10, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Kendall, Joseph Q. | Private | February 21, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Keeney, Adelbert D. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Kelly, John S. | Private | February 29, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, May 24, 1865 |
Keeney, Sleeman | Private | Febraury 18, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 27, 1865 |
Kirkendall, W H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Kendall, Horatio W. | Private | February 11, 1864 |
|
Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., December 30, 1864 |
Lamb, Daniel A. | Private | February 29, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Leytle, William C. | Private | March 14, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Lilley, Eben F. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Lament, Egbert W. | Private | February 9, 1864 |
|
Died at Williamsburg, Va., February 24, 1864 |
Lamb, Hamlin H. | Private | February 29, 1864 |
|
Died at Mainesburg, Tioga County, Pa., July 4, 1865 |
Martin, Henry | Private | September 5, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Murray, Edwin | Private | February 2, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Murray, Luman | Private | May 3, 1864 |
|
Prisoner from June 29, 1864 to April 29, 1865; discharged by General Order, June 27, 1865 |
Miles, William M. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Murray, Alexander | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, September 25, 1862 |
Mudge, Ira O. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Fortress Monroe, Va., December 4, 1861 |
Morgan, John | Private | February 16, 1864 |
|
Died at Annapolis, Md., November 3, 1864; buried in United States General Hospital Cemetery |
Morgan, Frank | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Captured at Flat Creek Bridge, Va., May 14, 1864; died at Millen, Ga., November 14, 1864 |
M'Elwain, Andrew | Private | April 1, 1863 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
M'Elwain, Simeon | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
M'Mann, James | Private | December 16, 1862 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, September 26, 1862 |
Nelson, Caleb | Private | August 20, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, May 7, 1865 |
Nelson, Sylvanus J. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted February 10, 1862 |
Osborn, John | Private | February 2, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Oberson, Peter | Private | October 26, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
O'Neil, John | Private | August 27, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, May 7, 1865 |
Punt, Daniel | Private | February 3, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Porter, Albert Y. | Private | February 8, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Putnam, John | Private | August 27, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Palmer, Joseph B. | Private | August 31, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Porter, William B. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 27, 1864, expiration of term |
Palmer, Charles C. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, September 16, 1864 |
Pitts, Charles M. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, March 31, 1862 |
Phillips, Solomon W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, September 1, 1862 |
Perry, Allen H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Transferred to Veteran Reserve Corps, April 10, 1864 |
Palmer, Elihu C. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted June 26, 1862 |
Robinson, Clint D. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Rodgers, Theodore | Private | September 1, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
Rimple, Paul | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted November 30, 1863; returned; discharged October 20,1864, expiration of term |
Rosabaugh, George W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Portsmouth, Va., July 26, 1863 |
Robinson, John | Private | March 22, 1864 |
|
Captured at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864; died at Andersonville, Ga., date unknown |
Roddy, William | Private | February 16, 1864 |
|
Killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864 |
Spencer, Frank M. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Strayer, Daniel | Private | October 18, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Saxton, Solon J. | Private | February 29, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Saxton, Frank | Private | January 4, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Stiles, Ephraim L. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Smiley, Delivan P. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Smith, Nicholas | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, September 8, 1862 |
Swinler, Vincent W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Killed at Ream's Station, Va., June 29, 1864 vet |
Sherman, Leander | Private | Died at Johnson's Farm, Va., October 8, 1864, of wounds received in action | ||
Sullivan, James | Private | April 3, 1865 |
|
Not on muster roll |
Sullivan, Michael | Private | January 16, 1862 |
|
Deserted, August 16, 1863 |
Shoemaker, John | Private | November 10, 1864 |
|
Not on muster roll |
Stevens, Charles | Private | November 10, 1864 |
|
Not on muster roll |
Thompkins, William | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Daptured at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864 discharged by General Order, June 21, 1865 |
Turner, David L. | Private | October 22, 1862 |
|
Prisoner from June 29, 1864 to January 1865; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Towner, Frank B. | Private | February 22, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Thompson, William | Private | February 13, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Thompkins, William | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Captured at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; discharged by General Order, June 21, 1865; Vet |
Tooker, George W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Taylor, Alexander H. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Transferred to Veterans Reserve Corps, September 1, 1862 |
Thomas, Alvin W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Died at Camp Hamilton, Va., April 30, 1862; buried at Alba, Pa. |
Toles, Alfred | Private | Died December 14, 1864 | ||
Vanbuskirk, David | Private | February 19, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Vannoy, Jefferson | Private | August 26, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order, June 7, 1865 |
West, Luther A. | Private | February 19, 1864 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865 |
Westbrook, Benjamin F. | Private | August 27, 1862 |
|
Mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Weeks, Ritner | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Wounded at Petersburg, Va., June 9, 1864; mustered out with Company, August 13, 1865; Vet |
Willey, Granville C. | Private | September 24, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order May 7, 1865 |
Wood, Allen H. | Private | August 13, 1864 |
|
Discharged by General Order June 7, 1865 |
Walker, Charles N. | Private | August 24, 1864 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term. |
Walters, James C. | Private | January 19, 1863 |
|
Discharged on Surgeon's Certificate, April 25, 1865 |
Whiteman, Harry P. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Transferred to Company D, November 26, 1863 vet |
Williams, Andrew H. | Private | Missing at Darbytown Rd., Va., October 7, 1864 | ||
Wooden, Sylvester | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Deserted December 26, 1861 |
Welsh, John | Private | September 10, 1864 |
|
Not on muster-out roll |
Yarns, James W. | Private | August 27, 1861 |
|
Discharged August 26, 1864, expiration of term |
Source: Bates, Samuel P. History of the Pennsylvania Volunteers, 1861-1865 , Harrisburg, 1868-1871.
© 2015 Alice J. Gayley, all rights reserved