OLD WESTMORELAND:
A HISTORY OF
WESTERN PENNSYLVANIA
DURING THE REVOLUTION.
BY
EDGAR W. HASSLER
J. R. WELDIN & Co.
PITTSBURG
1900
OLD WESTMORELAND. Its Erection as a County.-Boundaries and Area. - Sources of Settlement. - Territorial Conflict with Virginia. - Early Centers of Population. - The Men of Ulster. - Pittsburg - Leaders Among the Pioneers
THE OUTBREAK OF REVOLUTION. - Delegates Sent to the Provincial Convention of 1774. - Sympathy with Boston. - Royalist Efforts of John Connolly. - Patriot Meeting at Pittsburg. - Association of Westmoreland Formed at Hannastown. - Military Organization. - The Rattlesnake Flag. - Ft. Pitt Occupied by Virginia Militia.
WILLIAM WILSON'S INDIAN Tour. - The Savage Menace to the Frontier. - Ft. Pitt Treaty in October, 1775. - Iroquois Hostility. - George Morgan, Indian Agent. - Wilson Sent as a Peace Messenger to the Ohio Tribes. - His Peril at Pluggystown. - Before Governor Hamilton at Detroit. - The Unavailing Treaty at Ft. Pitt, October, 1776
CAPTURE OF ANDREW McFarlane. - First Indian Depredations. McFarlane's History. - A Prisoner of the Virginians. - Love Romance and Marriage. - A Trader at Kittanning. - Without Military Protection. - The Tradition of the Lewis Family. - McFarlane Taken Prisoner. - His Captivity and Release
GIBSON's POWDER EXPLOIT. - Scarcity of Ammunition on the Frontier. - George Gibson and William Linn. - The Lambs. - Journey to New Orleans. - Oliver Pollock. - Gibson in a Spanish Prison. - Return by Sea and River
THE SQUAW CAMPAIGN. - Congress Takes Charge of the Frontier Defense. - Brigadier General Edward Hand Appointed Commandant at Ft. Pitt. - Indian Raiders from Detroit. - Depredations in Westmoreland. - Expedition Up the Mahoning Valley. - Hand's Disappointment and Resignation
FLIGHT OF THE PITTSBURG TORRIES. - British Agents in Western Pennsylvania. - Captain Alexander McKee. - Matthew Elliott. - Escape from McKees Rocks. - Simon Girty. - Renegades in Coshocton. - Baffled by White Eyes. - Welcomed at Detroit. - Traitors in the Ft. Pitt Garrison. - Their Flight, Recapture and Punishment
THE TORIES OF SINKING VALLEY. - The Spy Among the Mountaineers. - Conspiracy for Murder and Spoliation. - John Weston. - Panic on the Juniata. - The Flight to Kittanning. - Fate of the Tory Leader. - Dispersal of the Plotters
FATAL VOYAGE OF DAVID RODGERS. - Second Effort to Procure Powder from the Spaniards. - Captain David Rodgers. - His Redstone Company. - Time Lost on the Mississippi. - The Surprise at the Licking River. - Rodgers Mortally Wounded. - Singular Experience of Robert Benham and Basil Brown
THE EIGHTH PENNSYLVANIA. - Brigadier General Lachlan McIntosh ordered to Ft. Pitt. - His Two Border Regiments. - Mackay's Battalion. - The Winter March Over the Mountains. - Fatalities Among Officers and Privates. - Daniel Brodhead Colonel. - Morgan's Rifle Corps. - Thirteenth Virginia
BACK TO THE HARRIED FRONTEER. - March of the Regulars for Ft. Pitt. - The Big Runaway. - The Massacre of Wyoming. - Eighth Pennsylvania Sent Up the Susquehanna. - Captain John Brady's Fort at Muncy. - The Killing of James Brady. - Samuel Brady, the Rifleman. - The Eighth at Ft. Pitt
THE ALLIANCE WITH THE DELAWARES. - McIntosh's Design Against Detroit. - Seeking Indian Allies. - The Ft. Pitt Treaty with the Delawares. - White Eyes. - Proposal for an Indian State
FORT LAURENS. - McIntosh Advances Westward. - Ft. McIntosh. - Death of White Eyes. - Building of Ft. Laurens. - A Winter in the Wilderness. - Colonel Gibson Besieged. - Captain Bird and Simon Girty. - Ft. Laurens Relieved. - Resignation of McIntosh. - Colonel Brodhead in Command. - Ft. Laurens Deserted
SAMUEL BRADY'S REVENGE. - Incursions from the North. - Military Scouts. - Brady Hears of His Father's Death. - Attack on Ft. Hand. - Raid on the Sewickley Settlement. - Brady on the Trail. - Indians Surprised in their Camp. - Death of the Muncy Captain.
BRODHEAD'S RAID UP THE ALLEGHENY. - The Hostile Senecas. Sullivan's Expedition. - Brodhead's Co - operation. - Difficult March Up the Allegheny. - Fight with the Indians. - Devastation of Seneca Cornfields. - Muncy Village Destroyed. - Return by the Venango Path. - Thanks of Congress
THE WINTER OF THE DEEP SNOW. - Influence of Weather on the Frontier. - Severest Winter on Record. - Suffering of Soldiers. - Animals and Birds Killed. - Raids in the Ohio River Settlements by Western Indians. - Rewards for Scalps and Prisoners. - Brady's Daring Journey to the Sandusky. - Rescue of Mrs. Stoops
THE SUMMER OF THE BIG HARVEST. - Great Crops of Wheat and Corn, but no Water for the Mills. - Cattle Scarce. - Money Depreciation. - Agitation for a New State. - Soldiers Suffer for Food. - On the Verge of Mutiny. - Brady Sent Out to Impress Live Stock. - Futile Efforts to Organize an Expedition Into the Indian Country. - Buffaloes for Food
THE DERRY SETTLEMENT. - A Typical Ulster Population and Its Leaders. - The Three Forts. - Major Campbell and Companions Captured on Blacklick. - The Unsolved Fate of Lieutenant Craig. - Attack on Ft. Wallace. - Retaliation by the Borderers. - Defeat of Captain Hopkins. - Escape of Ebenezer Finley. - Major Wilson's Combat Near Ft. Wallace. - John Pomeroy's Defense of His Cabin.
THE DESTRUCTION OF CONSHOCTON. - Delawares Join the Hostile League. - Chief Killbuck Ostracized. - Brodhead's Expedition. - Rendezvous at Wheeling. - Indian Capital Surprised. - Assault in the Rain. - Warriors Killed. - Coshocton Plundered and Burned. - Kindness of the Moravians. - Chief Killbuck's Stroke. - The Misrepresentations of Doddridge. - Migration of the Delawares
GENERAL CLARK'S DRAFT. - Design Against Detroit. - Buying Provisions. - George Rogers Clark in Western Pennsylvania. - Raising Volunteers. - Factions Among the Settlers. - Official Approval. - Help from the Westmoreland Militia. - Erection of Washington County. - Efforts to Enforce the Draft. - Pillage and Personal Violence. - Small Force Assembled. - Clark Discouraged but Persistent. - Failure of His Expedition
LOCHRY'S DISASTER. - Westmoreland Detachment to Aid Clark. - Rendezvous at Carnaghan's. - March to Wheeling. - Left Behind by the Main Body. - Slow Journey Down the Ohio. - Loss of Captain Shannon. - Ambush at Lochry's Run. - Joseph Brant and His Mohawks. - Killing of Lochry. - Entire Party Slain or Taken.
MORAVIANS AND WYANDOTS. - Lochry Succeeded as County Lieutenant by Edward Cook. - Charges Against Brodhead. - Ordered by Washington to Resign. - His Successor Brigadier General William Irvine. - Moravian Missions on the Tuscarawas Broken Up by British and Indians. - Privations of the Red Converts. - Sons of the Half - King Raid Washington County. - Adventure of the Poe Brothers
THE SLAUGHTER AT GNADENHUETTEN. - Williamson's First Visit to the Tuscarawas. - Indian Towns Deserted. - Washington County Raided. - Mrs. Wallace and Her Children Captured. - The Escape and Revelations of John Carpenter. - Williamson's Second Campaign to the Tuscarawas. - Mutilated Corpses Beside the Trail. - Rage of the Frontiersmen. - Moravian's Surprised Gathering Corn. - Telltale Trophies. - The Vote for Life or Death. - Condemnation. - Massacre of the Guilty and the Innocent. - Indian Villages Burned. - The Raid on Smoky Island. - Investigation Thwarted
CRAWFORD'S EXPEDITION AND DEATH. - Plans for the Destruction of Wyandot Towns on the Sandusky. - Aid from General Irvine. - Muster at Mingo. - Crawford Chosen to Command. - His Staff and Captains. - March Into the Wilderness. - Enemy Forewarned. - Battle on Sandusky Plain. - Night Retreat and Panic. - Crawford's Capture. - Williamson's Retreat. - Crawford and Others Burned at the Stake
THE WOUNDED INDIAN. - Attack on Walthour's Station. - Killing of Willard and Daughter. - The Lame Delaware at Pittsburg. - His Confession. - Clamor of the Settlers for His Death. - Davy Delivered Up. - His Escape from the Blockhouse. - The Gray Mare. - Never Reached Home
THE DESTRUCTION OF HANNASTOWN. - Savage Inroad from the Seneca Land. - Guyasuta. - Escape of the Harvesters. - Refuge in the Stockade. - Assault Repelled. - Death of Margaret Shaw. - Burning of the Town. - Raid on Miller's Station. - Killing of Lieutenant Brownlee and Others. - The End of Hannastown
THE ABANDONED EXPADITION. - Planning Another Campaign Against Sandusky. - General Irvine to Command. - Approved by Government. - Attack on Wheeling. - Gallant Defense of Rice's Blockhouse. - Savages Called Off by General Carleton. - Expedition Countermanded by General Washington. - Clark's Raid on the Shawnee Towns. - General Thanksgiving Day
THE PEACE JOURNEY OF EPHRAIM DOUGLAS. - Isolated Depredations in Washington County. - Appeal to Congress. - Douglass Commissioned. - His Journey to Sandusky. - Before DePeyster at Detroit. - Douglass Sent to Niagara. - Talk with Joseph Brant. - End of the Border War
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